Date, number & money functions

This group contains 11 functions covering both the wording and the arithmetic of Vietnamese construction paperwork: dates and times written out for acceptance records (Vietnamese, English or bilingual), lunar/solar calendar conversion, amounts spelled out in words, automatic quantity explanations built from cell formulas, linear interpolation and steel weight.

The examples below use a semicolon ; to separate arguments (Excel running on a Vietnamese regional format). If your Excel uses the English (US) format, type a comma , instead of ;.

Quick reference:

Function	Purpose
dvdLDate	Write a date as the sentence used in official records.
dvdLTime	Write hours and minutes in words.
dvdLTimeDate	Write time and date together in words.
dvdLunarToSolar	Convert a lunar date into a solar date.
dvdSolarToLunar	Convert a solar date into a lunar date.
dvdVnd	Spell a Vietnamese dong amount out in words.
dvdUsd	Spell a dollar amount out in English words.
dvdExplain	Explain a formula as result = expression.
dvdExplainE	Explain a formula as expression = result.
dvdNoiSuy	One-dimensional linear interpolation.
dvdSteelWeight	Steel weight from bar diameter and quantity.

dvdLDate

Writes a date cell as the sentence used in official records, optionally prefixed with a place name.

Syntax:

=dvdLDate(shortDate; [Location]; [Language])

Parameter	Required	Description
shortDate	Yes	Cell holding a date value.
Location	No	Place name added in front of the sentence.
Language	No	0 = Vietnamese (default), 1 = English, 2 = bilingual.

Example:

=dvdLDate(D6; "Hà Nội"; 0)
// → "Hà Nội, ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2026"

=dvdLDate(D6; ; 2)
// → "ngày/date 22 tháng/month 8 năm/year 2026"

Notes

• Passing an empty string "" as Location produces a dotted line to fill in by hand: ...................., ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2026.
• An empty date, or a time-only value (below 1), produces the blank template ngày….......tháng….......năm…......., handy for forms that are signed later. With Language = 1 it is date….......month….......year…......., worded like the filled-in text.
• The day is always shown with two digits; January and February are shown as 01 and 02.

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Select C7 and type =dvdl — Excel's suggestion list shows the DVDAddin date functions with DVDLDATE selected and its description (1). Press Tab to pick it.

Step 2. Click the acceptance date (1) and press F4 to lock it as $C$4, type , "Hanoi", and click the language code (2). The argument tip (3) reminds you: 0 = Vietnamese, 1 = English, 2 = bilingual.

Step 3. Press Enter and fill the formula down to C9: each row gives one wording of the date (1) — Vietnamese, English, bilingual. Change the date in C4 and all three lines follow.

dvdLTime

Writes a time value as hours and minutes in words.

Syntax:

=dvdLTime(shortTime; [Language])

Parameter	Required	Description
shortTime	Yes	Time value of type Date.
Language	No	0 = Vietnamese (default), 1 = English, 2 = bilingual.

Example:

=dvdLTime(E6; 0)
// → "08 giờ 30 phút"

=dvdLTime(E6; 2)
// → "08 giờ/hours 30 phút/minutes"

Notes

• Only an empty cell (or an omitted argument) produces the blank template ….......giờ….......phút for forms filled in by hand; a real 00:00, with or without a date, gives 00 giờ 00 phút.

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Select C8 and type =dvdlt — Excel's suggestion list shows DVDLTIME with the function description (1). Press Tab to pick it.

Step 2. Click the start time (1) and type , 1 (1 = English). The argument tip (2) lists the language options: 0 = Vietnamese, 2 = bilingual.

Step 3. Press Enter and fill down to C9: the pour times are written out (1) for the diary. An empty time cell gives the blank template ….......hours….......minutes to fill in by hand.

dvdLTimeDate

Writes hours, minutes, day, month and year as one sentence — the opening line of an acceptance record.

Syntax:

=dvdLTimeDate(shortTime; shortDate; [Language])

Parameter	Required	Description
shortTime	Yes	Time value of type Date.
shortDate	Yes	Date value of type Date.
Language	No	0 = Vietnamese (default), 1 = English, 2 = bilingual.

Example:

=dvdLTimeDate(E6; D6; 0)
// → "08 giờ 30 phút, ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2026"

Notes

• An empty time cell gives the blank time template while a real 00:00 gives 00 giờ 00 phút; an empty date cell or a time-only value (below 1) gives the blank date template — the same rules as dvdLTime and dvdLDate.

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Select C9 and type =dvdlt — the suggestion list shows two functions; press ↓ to highlight DVDLTIMEDATE (with its description (1)) and press Tab.

Step 2. Click the start time (1), type , then click the date (2) and press F4 to lock it as $C$4; finish with , 1 (1 = English). The argument tip (3) reminds you: 0 = Vietnamese, 2 = bilingual.

Step 3. Press Enter and fill down to C10: both inspection times are written out in full — hours, minutes, day, month, year (1) — ready for the opening lines of the record.

dvdLunarToSolar

Converts a lunar date into the matching solar date.

Syntax:

=dvdLunarToSolar(shortDateLunar)

Parameter	Required	Description
shortDateLunar	Yes	Lunar date, entered as a date value.

Example:

=dvdLunarToSolar(DATE(2026;1;1))
// → 17/02/2026 (first day of Tết — the anchor for the holiday break in a programme)

Notes

• The result is a date value: format the cell as Date to display it correctly.
• A lunar date that does not exist returns #VALUE!.
• The conversion uses Vietnam time (GMT+7).

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Enter the Tết break milestones as lunar dates in column C, typed like ordinary dates (lunar day/month/year). Select D4 and type =dvdlu — the suggestion shows DVDLUNARTOSOLAR with its description (1). Press Tab.

Step 2. Click the lunar date (1) and close the bracket. The argument tip (2) reminds you the only argument is the lunar date.

Step 3. Press Enter, fill down to D6 and format column D as Date: the solar dates (1) can go straight into the programme's holiday calendar. A lunar date that does not exist returns #VALUE!.

dvdSolarToLunar

Converts a solar date into the matching lunar date.

Syntax:

=dvdSolarToLunar(shortDateSolar)

Parameter	Required	Description
shortDateSolar	Yes	Solar date, entered as a date value.

Example:

=dvdSolarToLunar(DATE(2026;8;22))
// → "10/07/2026 AL"

Notes

• The result is text ending in AL; a leap month is flagged in brackets, for example (6 N).
• The conversion uses Vietnam time (GMT+7).

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Select D4, next to the solar date of the milestone, and type =dvdso — the suggestion shows DVDSOLARTOLUNAR with its description (1). Press Tab.

Step 2. Click the solar date (1) and close the bracket. The argument tip (2) shows the only argument is the solar date.

Step 3. Press Enter and fill down to D6: every milestone gets its lunar date as text ending in AL (1). A date in a leap month is flagged, e.g. 01/06/2025 AL (6 N).

dvdVnd

Spells a Vietnamese dong amount out in words for the "in words" line of a payment certificate or contract.

Syntax:

=dvdVnd(Number; [match_mode])

Parameter	Required	Description
Number	Yes	Cell holding the amount, or the amount typed directly.
match_mode	No	0 = words only (default), 1 = prefix the result with Bằng chữ: .

Example:

=dvdVnd(125000000)
// → "Một trăm hai mươi lăm triệu đồng."

=dvdVnd(F42; 1)
// → "Bằng chữ: Một triệu, hai trăm năm mươi nghìn đồng."

Notes

• The amount is rounded to whole dong before being spelled out; negative amounts are prefixed with "âm".
• An empty cell or a non-numeric value returns an empty string.

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Select the cell for the amount in words and type =dvdv — Excel's suggestion list shows DVDVND with the function description (1). Press Tab to pick it.

Step 2. Click the amount cell (1) (or type its address), then type , and 1 to prefix "Bằng chữ: ". The argument tip (2) shows the current argument in bold with its meaning.

Step 3. For the full description of each argument, press Ctrl+A right after the function name (or the 𝑓x button): the Function Arguments dialog shows a box per argument (1) and a live result (2). Click OK (3).

Step 4. Press Enter: the cell shows the amount in words (1); change C3 and the text updates by itself.

dvdUsd

Spells a dollar amount out in English words, for bilingual contracts and payment documents.

Syntax:

=dvdUsd(Number)

Parameter	Required	Description
Number	Yes	Cell holding the amount, or the amount typed directly.

Example:

=dvdUsd(5000)
// → "Five thousand dollars only"

=dvdUsd(1250,5)
// → "One thousand two hundred fifty dollars and fifty cents"

Notes

• Zero returns None; negative amounts are prefixed with Minus.
• Exactly one dollar or one cent uses the singular: =dvdUsd(1) → One dollar only, =dvdUsd(1,5) → One dollar and fifty cents, =dvdUsd(0,01) → One cent. Whole-dollar amounts end with only; amounts with cents do not (=dvdUsd(0,5) → Fifty cents).

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Select the cell for the amount in words and type =dvdus — the suggestion shows DVDUSD with the function description (1). Press Tab to pick it.

Step 2. Click the amount cell (1) and close the bracket. The argument tip (2) reminds you to pick a cell or type the amount.

Step 3. Press Enter: the cell shows the amount in English words, cents included (1) — ready for a bilingual contract. Whole-dollar amounts end with "only"; zero gives "None".

dvdExplain

Builds a quantity explanation for the cells of a range in the form result = expression, with every cell reference in the formula replaced by its actual value.

Syntax:

=dvdExplain(RangeToExplain; [HeaderRange]; [OptionValue]; [DecimalPlaces])

Parameter	Required	Description
RangeToExplain	Yes	Range of cells to explain (a real cell or range reference).
HeaderRange	No	Header written in front of each cell's line. A single-cell header is used for every cell; a single-row header is matched by the cell's column, a single-column header by the cell's row (when the header range shares no column/row with the explained range, e.g. it sits on another sheet, by relative position). A header spanning several rows and columns: the n-th cell (counted row by row) gets the n-th cell of the header range's first row.
OptionValue	No	1 = explain every cell (default), 0 = only cells that contain a formula.
DecimalPlaces	No	Number of decimals in the result (rounded, using Excel's decimal separator); omitted or -1 keeps the cell's displayed text exactly, in the cell's own number format.

Example:

=dvdExplain(F6; ; 0; 2)
// → "2.40=3*0.8" (F6 holds the formula =D6*E6 with D6 = 3 and E6 = 0.8)

=dvdExplain(D6:F6; $D$5:$F$5; 0; 2)
// → one line per formula cell, each prefixed with the header in its column (D5, E5, F5)

Notes

• SUM(...) is expanded into a chain of additions and PRODUCT(...) into a chain of multiplications of the individual cells, in place — the rest of the formula is kept: =SUM(D6:D8)*2 gives (5+3.2+7.8)*2, while =SUM(D6:D8) still gives 5+3.2+7.8. Only the exact function names SUM/PRODUCT are expanded; SUMPRODUCT, SUMIF… are explained like any other formula.
• Multiple cells produce multiple lines separated by line breaks: turn on Wrap Text on the formula cell to read them all.
• The first argument is required and must be a real cell or range reference on the sheet; leaving it out or passing an intermediate value returns #VALUE!.
• The result and the numbers in the expression use the same decimal separator — the one Excel is using (the numbers in the expression are the cells' displayed text): a Vietnamese regional format gives 2,40=3*0,8, English (US) gives 2.40=3*0.8.

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. The volume cell F4 (1) holds the formula =B4*C4*D4*E4 (2). dvdExplain replaces every cell in that formula with its displayed value to build the explanation line.

Step 2. Select G4 and type =dvdex — the suggestion list shows the DVDEX… functions with DVDEXPLAIN selected and its description (1). Press Tab.

Step 3. Click the volume cell F4, type , and click the item name in A4 to use it as the line heading. The argument tip (1) shows the current argument in bold.

Step 4. Press Enter and fill down to G6: each line reads result=expression after the item name (1); on the Total row SUM(F4:F5) is expanded into a sum of the individual cells (2).

dvdExplainE

Same as dvdExplain but written the other way round, expression = result, which suits the quantity statements of as-built documentation.

Syntax:

=dvdExplainE(RangeToExplain; [HeaderRange]; [OptionValue]; [DecimalPlaces])

Parameter	Required	Description
RangeToExplain	Yes	Range of cells to explain (a real cell or range reference).
HeaderRange	No	Header written in front of each cell's line. A single-cell header is used for every cell; a single-row header is matched by the cell's column, a single-column header by the cell's row (when the header range shares no column/row with the explained range, e.g. it sits on another sheet, by relative position). A header spanning several rows and columns: the n-th cell (counted row by row) gets the n-th cell of the header range's first row.
OptionValue	No	1 = explain every cell (default), 0 = only cells that contain a formula.
DecimalPlaces	No	Number of decimals in the result (rounded, using Excel's decimal separator); omitted or -1 keeps the cell's displayed text exactly, in the cell's own number format.

Example:

=dvdExplainE(F6; ; 0; 2)
// → "3*0.8=2.40"

=dvdExplainE(F6:F20; ; 0; 3)
// → "5+3.2+7.8=16.000" for a cell holding =SUM(...)

Notes

• Every note for dvdExplain applies here too: the first argument is required (#VALUE! without it), results span several lines, SUM/PRODUCT are expanded in place, and the result and the expression share Excel's decimal separator.

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Column F holds the volume formulas (F4 =B4*C4*D4*E4, F6 =SUM(F4:F5)). Select G4, type =dvdexp, press ↓ to highlight DVDEXPLAINE (with its description (1)) and press Tab.

Step 2. Click the volume cell F4 and close the bracket — the other arguments are optional. The argument tip (1) reminds you the first argument is the range to explain.

Step 3. Press Enter and fill down to G6: the explanation reads expression=result (1), the layout of a quantity statement; the Total row expands SUM into 108+96=204 (2).

dvdNoiSuy

One-dimensional linear interpolation between two known points — norms, haulage factors, excavation-depth factors.

Syntax:

=dvdNoiSuy(x1; x2; y1; y2; xnew)

Parameter	Required	Description
x1	Yes	Value x1.
x2	Yes	Value x2.
y1	Yes	Value y1 matching x1.
y2	Yes	Value y2 matching x2.
xnew	Yes	Value of x to interpolate at.

Example:

=dvdNoiSuy(5; 10; 120000; 150000; 7)
// → 132000 (haulage rate at a distance of 7 km)

Notes

• When x1 equals x2 the function returns #DIV/0!.

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. The roof at 33 m lies between the 30 m and 40 m rows of the table. Select C8 and type =dvdn — the suggestion shows DVDNOISUY with its description (1). Press Tab.

Step 2. Click the two x points of the table (B4, B5), their y values (C4, C5) (1), then the x to interpolate at (2). The argument tip (3) shows the current argument in bold.

Step 3. To check each argument, press Ctrl+A right after the function name: the Function Arguments dialog shows a box per argument with its value on the right (1) and a live result (2). Click OK (3).

Step 4. Press Enter: the factor k at roof level is 1.238 (1) — exactly 1.22 + (1.28 − 1.22) × (33 − 30) / (40 − 30). If x1 = x2 the function returns #DIV/0!.

dvdSteelWeight

Calculates steel weight from bar diameter and quantity.

Syntax:

=dvdSteelWeight(diameter; quantity)

Parameter	Required	Description
diameter	Yes	Bar diameter, in mm.
quantity	Yes	Number of bars when D > 8, or the coil weight (kg) when D ≤ 8.

Example:

=dvdSteelWeight(16; 20)
// → 369.72 (kg — 20 bars of D16, 11.7 m each)

=dvdSteelWeight(8; 250)
// → 250 (kg — D8 coiled steel supplied by weight)

Notes

• For diameters of 8 and below the function returns quantity unchanged, because coiled steel is bought by weight.
• Above diameter 8 the calculation assumes standard 11.7 m bars and a density of 7,850 kg/m³; the weight per metre is rounded before multiplying, to 3 decimals for 8 < D ≤ 12 and to 2 decimals above 12 (D16: 1.58 kg/m × 11.7 m × 20 bars = 369.72 kg). The final result is rounded to 6 decimals, so there are no floating-point tails such as 58.382999999999996 (D9 × 10 bars gives 58.383).

Illustrated walkthrough

Practice

Download this function's sample workbook — the data matches the pictures below and the cell for the formula is already selected.

Step 1. Select E4 and type =dvdst — the suggestion list shows DVDSTEELWEIGHT with the function description (1). Press Tab to pick it.

Step 2. Click the diameter in C4, type , and click the quantity in D4 (1). The argument tip (2) reminds you: bars are entered as a count, coiled steel as a weight (kg).

Step 3. For the full argument descriptions, press Ctrl+A right after the function name: the Function Arguments dialog shows a box per argument (1) and a live result (2). Click OK (3).

Step 4. Press Enter and fill down to E8: bars are weighed as 11.7 m lengths at 7,850 kg/m³ (1); coiled steel (D ≤ 8) keeps the weight you entered (2).